Paul Olsen Case Essay - 673 Words

The Paul Olsen case describes the situation for a decision that Paul Olsen needs to make. Paul and Robert Rose devised a plan to open a piano bar in a new urban mall development in Pittsburg, PA. If successful, Paul and Robert would add a restaurant and cafà © at the same location to grow their business. With three and a half months before opening, Paul did not have enough investors to fund the startup costs, so he needs to decide whether to invest all of his student loan money ($12,500) to maintain the timetable for the opening. Similar to the Ramp;R case, the Paul Olsen case is about identifying risks and developing strategies to manage that risk. By controlling risk, Paul is able to minimize his exposure to potential losses if the†¦show more content†¦Although the restaurant industry is perceived to have high risk of failure, the risk of a restaurant failing is not too different from other small businesses. Parsa et al. quantified the risk of failure at 26% in the first year and 57% by year 3. He also described several factors that can influence the risk of failure. Those include physical location, firm size, speed of growth, differentiation from other restaurants in the market, adapting to external trends, and management experience. In terms of location and differentiation, Paul’s bar will be located in a new development designed to attract affluent customers and with very few competitors. Paul’s small firm size increases risk because of barriers to attract partners (i.e. supp liers and bankers are prejudiced against smaller firms) and growth that may be too rapid to manage. On the other hand, Robert already has experience in the restaurant business and should know how to run the bar and subsequent restaurant. Their choice of a piano bar may be in response to local trends that favor success. A final question is whether Paul should apply his student loan money to the startup costs. Since his living expenses and tuition are already paid by the Ford Foundation grant, the loan money is not immediately needed. The contract in exhibit 3 shows that his services towards opening the bar are valued at $17,500 in addition to the cash contribution. Therefore, his percentage claim towards any profits fromShow MoreRelatedEurochem Case Study1621 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿EUROCHEM CASE Part 1 (Environment/Context) The eurochem case is about Paul Paus, who was sent by Mr. Vandenbergh (the marketing director of the head office in Belgium) from the Eurochem head office in Antwerp to the Chinese head office in order to adapt it to the rest of the world. For this reason Paus decided to change the marketing system to the European standards, which is already working well in Europe and the US. 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Compare Candide and Tartuffe Free Essays

In  Tartuffe, Moliere’s use’s plot to defend and oppose characters that symbolize and ridicule habitual behavior’s that was imposed during the neo-classical time period. His work, known as a comedy of manners, consists of flat characters, with few and similar traits and that always restore some kind of peace in the end. He down plays society as a whole by creating a microseism, where everyone in the family has to be obedient, respectful, and mindful of the head of the home, which is played by the father Orgon. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Candide and Tartuffe or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mariane shows her obedience when she replies â€Å"To please you, sir, is what delights me best. (Moliere 324,11) Shortly afterwards, Orgon commands Mariane to take Tartuffe as her husband even though she is not interested in him at all. Orgon’s command shows how men are dominate and have control over social order. Mariane’s strong obedience to her father (Orgon) supports the Neo-Classical element that the individual is not as important as society. Moliere discusses logic and reasoning by blindfolding Orgon to the reality of Tartuffe’s intentions that causes him to make dumb decisions. In the process, Orgon disregard’s his family when told of Tartuffe’s intentions. After Tartuffe cons Orgon into believing that Damis’s accusation is false Orgon replies, â€Å"I know your motives, I now you wish him ill:/Yes, all of you – wife, children, servants, all – /Conspire against him and desire his fall. † (Moliere 341-342,46-48) Orgon then excommunicates his own son, indicating that his reasoning is deferred due to his ignorance. This in due course challenges the Neo-Classical belief that logic and reasoning is more important than emotion because Orgon acts solely on his emotions. He feels as if his family has turned against his friend so he operates upon his feelings. When Damis returns home and Tartuffe (instead of Orgon) gets locked up, order is restored. At the end, the family commends the officer for apprehending the true criminal by saying, â€Å"Heaven be praised! / We’re safe. / I can’t believe the danger’s past. † (Moliere 361, 84-87) This is when Moliere demonstrated the common saying that â€Å"what happens in the dark will eventually come to the light, therefore allowing confusion to re-establish its order. Moliere developed a series of flat characters, which satirized the Neo-Classic belief system. In  Candide, Voltaire’s approach is called black comedy. Many devastating factor’s play into the character’s lives that causes the reader to be amused in a cynical way in order to guard their inner feelings. He challenges society as a whole by the way he implements real life occurrences into his writing and makes them come alive. This becomes evident when Dr. Pangloss told Candide what came of Cunegonde at the castle of Westphalia after he left. Pangloss described her as being â€Å"disemboweled by the Bulgar soldiers, after having been raped to the absolute limit of human endurance. (Voltaire 524) This causes the imagination to display a vivid picture of the severity of the situation. Furthermore he challenges order by illustrating the human condition. Candide’s confusion causes him to ask, â€Å"have they always been liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, weaklings, sneaks, cowards, backbiters, gluttons, drunkards, misers, climbers, killer’s, cal umniators, sensualists, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools? † (Voltaire 557) There is an ongoing war between people, and all the while Candide and the others are attempting to maintain. Dr. Pangloss represents the optimism that Voltaire challenges. Pangloss show this by saying, â€Å"it was love; love, the consolation of the human race, the preservative of the universe, the soul of all sensitive beings, love, gentle love. † (Voltaire 525) He challenges, † optimism by his representation of Dr. Pangloss. Dr. Pangloss’s blind optimistic approach allows him to forget about the fighting that is occurring amongst people and he only sees love. Satirical approaches to writing were used to change the captivated way of thinking during the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Neo-Classic time period contributed in the expansion of people’s view of life. The Enlightenment period writers focused on reason, knowledge, and rationality as major themes. In this era the  Catholic Church  was still an extremely powerful institution operating throughout much of Europe; however reason was beginning to emerge as an alternative to faith and religion. As a result, Enlightenment writers began to look at the world critically and rationally. Much of the important literature of the period was satirical in nature, using humor, irony, and exaggeration to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other significant issues. Two great Enlightenment writers, Moliere and Voltaire, use satirical approaches in their works that have various similarities and differences. The similarities between Moliere’s Tartuffe and Voltaire’s Candide are primarily rooted in common Enlightenment themes. For example, in both stories the writers focus on questioning and criticizing the nature of hierarchies in our society, particularly the members of the aristocratic or upper classes rather than â€Å"common† people. In Tartuffe, Orgon and his family are members of the aristocracy. Orgon owns his estate and clearly has enough  money  to provide for his entire family in addition to Tartuffe and his friend. Similarly, Voltaire’s story focuses on Candide, who may be missing a fraction of his aristocratic  family tree, but is still considered upper class. As the story progresses, the reader sees Candide’s accruement of money and wealth despite his initial expulsion from his uncle’s estate in the first pages of the story. Although both Voltaire and Moliere write about upper class individuals, neither writer focuses on serious psychological characters in their works. In fact, quite the opposite is true: the characters in both Tartuffe and Candide are relatively one-dimensional. Enlightenment writers commonly used characters that could serve as â€Å"types† that would be easily recognizable and identifiable to their audiences. Enlightenment writers like Moliere and Voltaire also do not look deeply into characters. Because the characters are so one-dimensional and because the focus during the time period was on the social aspect rather than psychological characteristics, audiences don’t often see characters alone. Candide is rarely alone throughout his travels, doing whatever he can do acquire a â€Å"side kick† when he lacks company. Describing a character’s individual thoughts in moments of isolation would be more geared toward illuminating the differences between characters. For Enlightenment writers, however, the focus was on the similarities between people rather than these differences. Another similarity between the pieces is a very little  sense  of nature or the natural world. Tartuffe. In Candide, the main characters trek across the globe, yet the reader is offered very little description of the locations hey visit. For Enlightenment writers, settings are simply background. Instead, the focus is on the conversation between the characters and the social aspect of events or situations. There was simply little interest in things considered to be outside of society. Although there are many similarities between the two writers, there is about a century’s difference in the satire between them. Satire changed during this period of time and gained a lot more edge in Voltaire’s time than in Moliere’s, partially because of the new scrutiny and criticism of people. Voltaire’s satire, for example, is a lot more focused and daring. On the other hand, the threshold for social criticism in Moliere’s time was relatively low. Moliere’s play would have offended the Church so much so that the writer went out of his way to hyperbolize Tartuffe’s hypocrisy. The idea that Tartuffe could have been taken as a â€Å"serious† religious figure was problematic for Moliere despite the fact that Tartuffe was not written as a clergyman. Tartuffe’s hypocrisy was as obvious as possible so as not to impugn pious members of the church or clergy. While both Moliere and Voltaire are masterful writers, their satirical approaches have various similarities and differences. Both writers utilize humor, irony, and exaggeration to make their social commentaries that were primarily directed towards the aristocracy. Despite all of their similarities, however, a major difference between the two writers is the time period during which they wrote. Moliere was forced to use much more subtle satire as a result of the oppressive Catholic Church. Voltaire, on the other hand, wrote nearly one hundred years later and was far less constrained and therefore able to use a much more brutal form of satire. Nevertheless, both Tartuffe and Candide are excellent representations of Enlightenment thinking and social criticism at the time. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Tartuffe and Candide are two novels that greatly show a general exaltation of emotion over reason and the senses over intellect. These stories are perfect examples of how life in the neoclassical era also dealt with certain situations that we humans face in today’s world as well. Disputing emotion over reason and the senses over intellect can be explained through both worlds; then and today. Tartuffe on page 19, was written by Moliere. Tartuffe’s them was excess vs. moderation. This goes to show that any excess is an off route to a disciplined life of reason and therefore, it is an example of disorder and a potential disruption of society. Tartuffe show’s several aspects of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy means pretending to be virtuous when one is not and it is a violation of order because it poses two realities, reality and its pretense, when we know there is really only one. The reason for hypocrisy is their reaction, not their emotion. Several people in this story were guilty of wrongful reasoning, to provoke hypocrisy. Their sense of intellect was misled by their emotions over wrongful reasoning. Tartuffe and Orgon were major victims of hypocrisy. Tartuffe led Orgon to believe he’s a pure and a loyal friend when in fact he was not that. Tartuffe also tried to take of advantage of Orgon’s wife, Elmire. He also used Mariane to get closer to Orgon’s name and possessions, by convincing Orgon to force his daughter Mariane to marry him. Tartuffe is supposedly supposed to be a â€Å"good Christian† by; being out in the open with worship at church services, yet a true Christian wouldn’t do that. But one way Tartuffe is showing good intellect, even if it is used in an unmoral way, is him kneeling to Orgon. When someone kneels before you, Tartuffe was giving all responsibility, reason, power, judgment to Orgon. Tartuffe is giving power to get power, unlike Orgon who frustrates everyone for power. Orgon is somewhat the villain for giving Tartuffe the power. Orgon is also overly in passion in regards to Tartuffe. He is even worse than Madam Pernelle. He no longer cared about what he was supposed to be responsible for. And he replaced genuine responsibility for his family with unneeded concern for Tartuffe. An example of this act is on page 24 scene 4. Orgon showed wrongful reasoning by giving his word to Mariane’s true love Valere. And then took his word back by forcing her to marry Tartuffe. And in doing so he let himself fall for Tartuffe’s trap of ruining his family. In this story Orgon is trying to trade responsibility for control. He is also trying to control his family, which is sad. Orgon thinks he is getting older, losing control and is going through what some would call a mid-life crisis. Mariane also shows awful reasoning by letting her dad push her around and agree to her father that she would follow his word to marry Tartuffe when she really didn’t want †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Moliere’s Tartuffe, Racine’s Phaedra and Voltaire’s Candide are each exemplary literary works of the 18th  century in their own rights. Tartuffe is a satirical comedy, Phaedra an intense tragedy and Candide a thought-provoking travelogue. While each adheres austerely to its genre, various similarities as well as contrasting differences can be traced among the aforementioned works. Written during the Age of Enlightenment, each of these works reflects the ideology of the period and hence, has various similarities. Firstly, each of these works glorifies reason over religion and the theory that man is responsible for his own actions. These timeless masterpieces were revolutionary among contemporaries. Moliere uses comedy to ridicule hypocrites, impostors and fools who ignore moderate common sense. He mocked certain religious sects and tried to point attention to the corrupt among them. At the time, such ridicule of those associated with the Church was highly unacceptable and was considered radical. Voltaire too tried to poke fun at members of the upper class and institutionalized religion through the character of Cunegonde’s brother – the young baron. He portrayed him as a homosexual and a man of stringent narrow-minded beliefs. Other ideas and that make this piece revolutionary are the deliberate ridicule of popular beliefs and a scene implying bestiality. Phaedra too was revolutionary because it was the one of the first works that portrayed a story from a feminine point of view. Phaedra is the mythological classic Hippolytus re-written from the perspective of a female protagonist. The first of its sort, Phaedra broke new grounds. Thus each of these works can be considered revolutionary. Another aspect worth comparing is the portrayal of female characters in these plays. Each of these classics describes their female characters as attractive, smart, opportunistic and deceptive. In Tartuffe, the lady of the house Elmire seduces Tartuffe in order to bring to light his true nature and save her family’s fortune. Racine describes Phaedra as a woman tempted by incest and possessed by jealousy. In Candide, the female characters – Cunegonde, the maid, Paquette and the Marquise of Parolignac are described as opportunistic, astute and conniving. Thus, the three works have a similar discernment of women. These works also portray a similar complexity of relationships. In Tartuffe, the man of the house – Oregon is portrayed as narrow-minded and gullible. Oregon sticks to his beliefs and there is spell of tension among the family members. He shields himself from common logic and refuses to hear the voice of reason. In Phaedra, Theseus blindly believes the words of another and summons death on to his own son. Candide too has a similar portrayal of family relationships. Cunegonde’s brother refuses permission to allow Candide to marry her because he values the caste system over his sister’s love. Also, Candide who has sworn immortal love for his beloved Cunegonde tries to revoke his steps when he finds she is no more the attractive young girl he fell in love with and she too willingly gives him up to marry a wealthy governor. These works also lack a hero or a model of perfection. In Tartuffe, the central character is a crook, while Oregon is gullible and Elmire crafty and opportunistic. In Phaedra, the central character is seen as weak and immoral, Theseus as disloyal and Hippolytus as proud and vain. In Candide, the protagonist is easily fooled and commits various sins including adultery and murder during his adventures. Thus, each of this pieces lack the traditional hero or a paradigm of virtue to look up to. While these works are similar in many ways, they also have wide range of differences. The most notable difference among the genres is the emotional ambience set throughout the individual works. Tartuffe maintains comical situations through every scene, mostly satirical with a touch of slapstick for relief. While, in polar contrast Phaedra maintains a very serious tone throughout the story with a wave of intense scenes troughed with moderation. Candide however, transcends genres as it moves from tragedy to comedy. Defined as a black comedy, it combines tragedy and comedy to form a new genre. A noteworthy dissimilarity between the three plays is that Moliere and Voltaire use Tartuffe and Phaedra respectively to give vent to their views and opinions on society at the time and its defects. Phaedra however is a take of the Roman classic, Hippolytus from a different perspective. Further, Tartuffe and Candide have a male central character while the story of Phaedra revolves around a female. As mentioned earlier, Phaedra is far more revolutionary in this context compared to the other two as it tackles a story from a woman’s perspective. Another major point of difference between the genres is the result they achieve. The tragedy of Phaedra evokes the sublime and results in an emotional catharsis for the reader – a purge of feelings. On the other hand, Candide and Tartuffe use the genre of comedy to bring to light the various evils of society. The happy ending gives a reassuring feeling and the scenes of humor are entertainingly amusing. Hence, the different genres bring out different emotions from the reader. The three pieces are also different by means of the message they pose to deliver to the reader. Tartuffe tries to prove right the statement ‘the end justifies the means,’ with Elmire using Tartuffe’s method against him. Phaedra, an intense and dramatic tragedy, depicts how pride destroys the mighty and Candide debunks the theory ‘Everything is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. ’ The most important factor that unifies each of the three genres is that they all aim to entertain. However their method of reaching this common goal varies. Tartuffe uses comedy, Phaedra tragedy and Candide transcends genres and uses a combination of both. Hence, they can be seen as different roads that lead to the same destination. Candide Voltaire’s Candide has many themes, though one central, philosophical theme traverses the entire work. This theme is a direct assault on the philosophy of Leibniz, Pope and others. Leibniz held that the world created by God was the best possible world with perfect order and reason. Alexander Pope, similarly, in his Essay on Man, argues that every human being is a part of a greater, rational, grand design of God. Pangloss stresses this viewpoint-that what appears to be evil is actually part of a greater good-when he asserts to Jacques that â€Å"private misfortunes make for public welfare.? /font Voltaire, on the other hand, found that his own experiences contradicted this optimistic determinism. Much like his protagonist, Candide, Voltaire must abandon this belief after realizing the needless suffering that surrounds him. Thus the major theme of the book revolves around this idea that the world is not the best of all possible ones, that it isn’t determined by reason and order, and that accident and chance play a major role. Though as a deist, Voltaire believed that God did create the world, he also believed that human injustice and brutality made the world anything but perfect. Furthermore, he believed that the fatalistic philosophy of Pope and others stripped man of his God-given free will. In addition to his anti-philosophy current which runs throughout the work, Voltaire also satirically indicts religion and war. Almost from the first chapter to the last, Voltaire depicts religious men (priests, monks, etc) as hypocrites who don’t live up to the religion they profess to believe. Most importantly, Voltaire makes the Church out to be one of the most corrupt, violence-ridden institutions on the planet. This is seen both during the Inquisition scene towards the middle of the book as well as the Jesuit satire seen while Candide and Cacambo are in Paraguay. Based largely on Voltaire’s experiences of the Seven Years? War (1756-63), an anti-war message is found throughout the fast-paced narrative of Candide. Voltaire bitingly criticizes both the French (Abares) and the Prussians (Bulgars). Casually describing the thousands of dead soldiers on both sides, Voltaire underscores how wasteful these â€Å"heroes? re of human life, clearly showing his anti-war sentiments. During one such battle, Candide, his protagonist, hides, doing his best to keep away from the needless bloodshed and â€Å"heroic butchery.? After the battle subsides, he escapes through the battlefield, seeing the â€Å"scattered brains and severed limbs? that â€Å"littered the ground.? /font Thus, Voltaire bashes a multitude of people and institutions throughout Candide. Despite his many sources of criticism, however, Voltaire merges all of his satires into one, larger message-that the human world is utterly disutopian. All of the versions of utopia which Voltaire raises up and then slams down in his work demonstrate such a loss of optimism. Pangloss? utopia, for one, which simply changes the conditions of the word to fit it to the world he knows is proven false, since even Pangloss himself eventually stops believing it. Eldorado, a second kind of utopia, also fails to satisfy Candide, who soon becomes bored, yearning for adventure, and, of course, Cunegonde. Only the decision to simply till the land at the conclusion of the book satisfies a quasi-utopian hope of the reader. Yet when Pangloss tries to resurrect the idea that this world is a utopia in the second to last paragraph, Candide himself dismisses the notion. The eighteenth century in Europe,  more famously known as the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment,† was a time of profound literary advances. It was an era that saw the expansion and perfection of the novel and an unprecedented proliferation of socially conscious works. The period produced a veritable slew of classics, two among them clearly being Moliere’s  Tartuffe  and Voltaire’s  Candide. Although written in different times and in different ormats, both works present humorous stories as vehicles for social commentary. Both tales would be classics for their satire alone, but it is their portrayal of women that is perhaps most interesting. European women in the eighteenth century occupied a precarious position between the ponderous advance of liberalism and the lingering influence of traditional gender roles, and the tw o works offer broad insights into the lives of such women. Moliere’s  Tartuffe  and Voltaire’s  Candide  both feature sympathetic and dignified portrayals of strong female characters subordinated or oppressed by eighteenth century society. One such character in Moliere’s  Tartuffe  is Dorine, the lady-maid to Orgon’s wife Elmire. In  Tartuffe, Moliere presents Dorine as an intelligent woman with a good understanding of human behavior. Moliere attests to her intelligence early in the story by showing her to be the most perceptive member of the household. Unlike Orgon, who is so dimwitted and foolish that he is completely blind to Tartuffe’s chicanery, Dorine is able to â€Å"see right through him,† bluntly declaring him a â€Å"fraud† (Moliere 25). Dorine is also consistently presented as outspoken and opinionated, frequently chastising Orgon’s actions, particularly concerning the marriage of Mariane and Tartuffe (Moliere 40-42). Furthermore, although Moliere places Dorine in the relatively low position of a lady-maid, he is always quick to display her innate intelligence, dignity, and perceptiveness. In doing so, Moliere actually depicts Dorine as a walking contradiction; Dorine clearly possesses mental acuity beyond her station, but she is still a maid. Her situation illustrates the position of countless proletarian women of the age: competent and intelligent, but mired in inequality and menial labor. As Dorine states in the play, ironically speaking of Madame Pernelle rather than herself, â€Å"She’s thus because she can’t be otherwise† (Moliere 27). Moliere’s commentary on society is exceptionally penetrating here. In making Dorine, a servant (and a female at that), perceptive and intelligent, and the higher class men of the household either hopelessly foolish or ineffectual, he is demonstrating that class and gender mean little in determining one’s worth or intellect. Elmire, the dutiful wife of the dullard Orgon, is portrayed in a similar manner despite her different position. In Tartuffe, Moliere depicts the character as a resourceful and intelligent woman much like Dorine. Elmire is clearly shown to be mentally superior to her husband, to the point that she becomes frustrated with her husband’s gullibility concerning Tartuffe, saying bluntly that â€Å"[Orgon’s] blindness takes [her] breath away† (Moliere 67). Elmire is also a key figure in Moliere’s work. When Orgon refuses to admit that Tartuffe could possibly harbor adulterous intentions, Elmire takes the initiative and persuades her stubborn husband to hide under a table while she manipulates Tartuffe into admitting his nefarious intent (Moliere 68-69). The fact that Elmire is forced to manipulate her husband’s decisions rather than make her own, however, is a clear illustration of the subordinate status of women in eighteenth century marriage. For all her cunning, Elmire is still presented as the subordinate figure in the marriage; it is Orgon who controls the finances, home, and daughters of the family. Indeed, Moliere depicts Elmire as a character much like Dorine: strong, sympathetic, yet ultimately subject to the patriarchal society of the eighteenth century. Elmire is restrained by her status as a wife, Dorine is restrained by her position as a maid, and both are ultimately subordinated by virtue of being female. A similar portrayal of women comes in Voltaire’s  Candide, particularly in the character Cunegonde, Candide’s love interest and ultimate wife. Voltaire presents Cunegonde as a simple but honest woman with the potent advantages of being â€Å"of noble lineage† and â€Å"rosy-cheeked, fresh, plump, and appetizing† (276). Unlike Moliere, Voltaire does not imbue his female characters with outstanding intelligence; instead, his female characters exhibit a keen understanding of human behavior born from life experience and intuition. Arthur Scherr comments on this in his article â€Å"Voltaire’s ‘Candide’: a tale of women’s equality,† stating that Cunegonde: Unfortunately, Cunegonde eventually undergoes horrific experiences at the hands of several men in  Candide. In her terrible journey, Cunegonde becomes a symbol of the more terrible and overt crimes perpetrated towards women in the eighteenth century and throughout time. Throughout the course of the novel, Cunegonde suffers rape, mutilation, and multiple kidnappings (Voltaire 286-287). Although she is able to recover from the experiences, and actually becomes somewhat stronger in doing so, she is nevertheless victimized and traumatized by eighteenth century warfare and society. Much like Moliere’s Dorine and Elmire, Cunegonde is limited by her status as a female, and suffers atrocities as a result. Voltaire is perhaps somewhat hyperbolic in creating her story for effect, but the spirit of her experiences is not unlike those of many European women caught in the many wars of the eighteenth century. Ultimately, Voltaire portrays Cunegonde as a sympathetic woman who retains her dignity despite experiencing the worst of social realities in eighteenth century Europe. Indeed, Moliere’s  Tartuffe  and Voltaire’s  Candide  both present strong portrayals of sympathetic, dignified women restrained or aggressed against by eighteenth century society. Though the works differ greatly in style, one can see social commentary on the status of women in Moliere’s mild, amusing comedy and Voltaire’s sensational, abrasive satire. The authors’ female characters are strong, complex figures that, much like many women of the eighteenth century, were forced to exist in a position of relative weakness. Ironically, it is the very ability of those authors to see such injustices that is probably most influenced by the Enlightenment ideas and slowly expanding liberalism of the era itself. Whatever the case may be, both works stand even today as classics, not just for their brilliant satire, but also for their potent insight into the experiences of eighteenth century women. Considering  Tartuffe  was written in the 17th century, you might expect the female characters to be soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But that couldn’t be further from the truth – well, except in the case of Mariane; she’s soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But Elmire and Dorine – that’s a whole different story. Each one defies convention with gusto: they do some things that would still be audacious even today. They’re quick-witted, strong-willed, and a bit saucy. They’re a match for their male counterparts anytime, any day. http://www. shmoop. om/tartuffe/women-femininity-quotes. html Voltaire’s Candide is a very funny satire that skewers the Optimistic attitude that â€Å"this is the best of all possible worlds. † Obviously, considering the horrific events Candide goes through, this isn’t the best of anything. Candide has several companions in his misadventures, notably Dr. Panglos s, his mentor and tutor; and Cacambo, his servant. Of the women in the tale, two are most important: Cunegonde, the woman Candide loves, and the old woman, whom he meets on his travels. This paper will compare and contrast the way the two women are presented in the novel. II Cunegonde Cunegonde is Candide’s true love. She is the daughter of the Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh, who raised Candide in his castle. She is beautiful, desirable, and despite all the horrible things that happen to her, she is fearfully dull. She is raped and cut open by Bulgarian soldiers (she notes it isn’t always necessary to die from such treatment); sold to numerous men as a sexual plaything; reunited with Candide; parted from him; and reunited again at the end of the book. She isn’t very bright, and she’s essentially passive as a doormat. She fights her Bulgarian rapist, but as soon as she’s rescued (by a Bulgarian captain, not Candide) she becomes his willing servant and his lover. When he grows tired of her, he sells her to a Jew named Don Issachar, who adores women. But soon after that she catches the eye of the Grand Inquisitor, who also wants her. The two men work out an arrangement whereby Don Issachar visits her Monday, Wednesday and the Sabbath; the Grand Inquisitor has the other four days of the week, though there have been some arguments, apparently, about when the Sabbath begins and ends. Soon after Cunegonde tells Candide her tale, Don Issachar shows up. He immediately attacks Candide, and Candide kills him. A few moments later, the Grand Inquisitor arrives, and Candide figures that he’ll turn them in, so he kills him, too. Then he, Cunegonde and the old woman escape from the scene. When they arrive at an inn, Cunegonde comment is â€Å"Where will I find another Jew and another inquisitor to give me more jewels? She is for sale to the highest bidder; she also has the brains of a flea, and because Candide is a bright young man, his devotion to her is ridiculous; a satirical example of men’s weakness for women. III The Old Woman The old woman is a much livelier character, despite the fact that she’s so much older, and despite the fact that she has been through many of the same ordeals as the younger woman: she has been raped numerous times, sold far more often than Cunegonde, and even had one buttock cut off to feed the janissaries that were defen ding her and other women of a harem. The daughter of Pope Urban X, she has been raised in luxury only to fall prey to pirates and sold into slavery. But she meets his misfortunes with an energy and drive that Cunegonde lacks. She even says at one point: â€Å"I have been a hundred times upon the point of killing myself, but still I was fond of life. † (Voltaire, PG). The greatest difference between the two lies in the old woman’s active stance, as contrasted with Cunegonde’s passivity. We learn that the old woman was sold at last to a Boyard, who put her to work in the fields and lashed her every day. But instead of simply assuming this was her lot in life, she did something about it: â€Å"But this nobleman having about two years afterwards been broken alive upon the wheel, with about thirty others, for some court intrigues, I took advantage of the event, and made my escape. † (Voltaire, PG). After escaping, she tells us, she traveled through many different countries, making her living as a servant at various inns and hostels. In this too she is different from Cunegonde, who has been satisfied to allow men to keep her. She has lived a live that is actually much harder than Cunegonde’s, because the latter has been sheltered and cared for by men who wanted her for her beauty and sexual charms, which meant that she was well-treated (if any woman being sold against her will can be said to be well-treated). Still, both Don Issachar and the Grand Inquisitor gave her rich gifts, good food and fine wine; no one did such things for the older woman. True, they were both little better than slaves, but Cunegonde accepted her chains while the old woman fought hers. Finally, as she finishes relating her tale, the old woman says â€Å"I have a great deal of knowledge and experience in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Voltaire, PG). And that may be the biggest difference of all. Cunegonde, as I say, is not very bright, and so the things that she’s been through mean little to her, and she hasn’t learned much from them. But the old woman has gained a great deal of experience, and furthermore, put it to use. She has escaped from the Boyard and made a living for herself in many different countries, surely not an easy thing to do. IV Conclusion The women in Candide, in general, suffer a great deal of physical hardship. Rape abounds, as does torture, mutilation and other types of general mayhem. But they react to their misfortunes very differently. Cunegonde accepts whatever happens to her passively; indeed, one gets the impression that she simply lets events roll over her, neither noticing nor caring much what happens. The old woman, however, is very much aware of what’s going on, and she actively involves herself with events. In so doing, she becomes the more attractive character. How to cite Compare Candide and Tartuffe, Essay examples

Fund Raising for the Event Planning

Question: Describe about the Report for Fund Raising for the Event Planning? Answer: Project plan for your Event Background including scope and objectives Organizing an event needs high and considerable planning and hard work. This report will be helpful in demonstrating a wide range of issues that need to be considered and resources available that could assist in formulating the successful occasion (Allen 2009). This fundraising event will be mainly organized for raising the money for non-profit organizations. During this event, a party will be organized having performances, foods, silent auction, donations as well as raffle tickets (Allen 2009). The NGO is mainly to support children having PKU disorder and the one who requires education (Wolf, Wolf and Levine 2005). The aim of this event is to raise the awareness about PKU among children and raise money for the NGO (Van and Wagen 2010). Scope Thisproject will support in raising the funds for the NGO, who are in this field to raise the awareness about disorders among children (Allen 2009). This project will be mainly fundraising project, in which an auction will take place with gifts that will be auctioned out in this event (Van and Wagen 2010). Along with this, there will also be raffle tickets, performances, Italian and Mexican food, and music as well as a photo booth to make the event more exciting and fun (Van and Wagen 2010). This event will also include photographer, host, CEO who will be attending as well as speaking about the disorder and its effect on the children (Van and Wagen 2010). Objectives To meet the set budget and attain profit targets Create the event that is organized as well as executed effectively Raise the awareness about the disorder and collect funds for the activities that will be done for the betterment of children (Van and Wagen 2010). Research and Information Sources Before organizing the event, research can be conducted that could evaluate the likelihood of the success (Richardson 2014). This is undertaken by analyzing as well as investigating various other similar events that are held in UK. The research conducted was mainly to understand about the event in the context of community acceptance and participation of audiences (Richardson 2014). Through this research process, it becomes easy to set up the validity of the NGO event audiences. Then only, it becomes easy to move with planning the event with full confidence, implementation, and facilitation in the appropriate way (Richardson 2014). Public and community consultation- Consulting with the businesses and residents in the event venue vicinity can help in smooth running of the event (Damster and Tassiopoulos 2005). This is mainly significant if the event directly impacts the business (Damster and Tassiopoulos 2005). Planning committees or organizing groups- It is significant to set up committee with identifying the roles and responsibilities or either to share the workload with all the professional staff (Damster and Tassiopoulos 2005). Relying on the scope and nature of the event, one can seek the services of the company to help in planning and managing the event or in some elements of the event (Dowson and Bassett 2015). This process can apply pre-determined fees. NGO can even take the assistance of external organization for managing the event, and this can never reduce NGO responsibility to meet the obligations (Dowson and Bassett 2015). Budget for the Project To plan successfully for the event, one needs to have a comprehensive and accurate budget. Income- As ticketing is the best way of controlling the crowding, NGO can consider ticketing process, which includes advanced sales of ticket or ticket purchasing on the day of the event (Dowson and Bassett 2015). It is important that NHO event management should address whether the tickets are pre-sold or either sold at the gate; description about copy of the ticket and information offered through the ticket is imparted about the event (Dowson and Bassett 2015). Sponsorship- Sponsorship is the other way of collecting funds for the event, and the same can contribute to event success (Capell 2013). Therefore, seeking the sponsorship through the business can be quite time-consuming, if the firm is not strategic in its approach (Dowson and Bassett 2015). NGO will shortlist those sponsors, who are in the field of healthcare like hospitals and healthcare institutions or either government organizations. Through researching on sponsors guidelines for sponsorship, it can become easy to align the approach (Dowson and Bassett 2015). For dealing with the sponsors, NGO will appoint the manager, who will be responsible for dealing with sponsors and ensure that it can impact the event in the best possible way (Dowson and Bassett 2015). Funding programs of the local Council- UK council values the art, culture, event contribution; a sit can make them a dynamic, holistic and diverse community (Carter 2013). All these aspects will be documented in the plan of cultural services (Carter 2013). Seeking the funds through council is beneficial as it can help in a different range of engagement opportunities and public entertainment by its programs like attraction event program, contribution program of art and culture, and contribution program of festival and event (Carter 2013). In the fundraising event, the budget set will be around 300000; that will be raised by holding a raffle, in which target is to sell more than 70000 tickets at 1 each. Funds will also be raised through a street collection that can reach to around 200000, and then celebrity dinner that can sell around 100 tables at 300 (O'Toole and Mikolaitis 2002). A summary of the target market for the Event The target market for fundraising event will be UK, in which target audiences will be children who are suffering from the PKO disorder (Stevens, Loudon and Wrenn 2006). This event will be organized to raise funds so that better treatment could be given to children. This event will also target the parents, to create awareness about this issue (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore and Williamson 2013). Project Management tools and techniques including schedules, outcomes, and deliverables The project plan on fundraising team will involve the use of few project management tools like project procurement plan (Bowdin, Allen, Harris, McDonnell and O'Toole 2012). In this plan, all the items required to be procured for the event to become successful will be collected (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore and Williamson 2013). The Project Manager will work with members of the team to explore all items required to be procured. The team will, later on, review the list of procurement for submitting it to the contracts and department of purchasing (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore and Williamson 2013). Vendor Agency Cost Medium Quality High Delivering on time High Comparison between in-sourcing and outsourcing There is no availability of in-sourcing services Past performance Good review Another tool involves vendor management, in which project manager will be responsible for all activities, and he will conduct all meeting weekly with vendors and work team (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore and Williamson 2013). Project NGO Scope All in scope Cost $300 Schedule Date of the event Auditor Senior member of Team What all activities going well Performer and DJ on time Other N/A Project Team Management and Structure Project on fundraising event for NGO will formulate the project team, who will be responsible for carrying out all activities of project (Damm 2011). The Project Manager will be responsible for selecting team members in the group. Some of the members who worked as a volunteer were formed as an event team (Damm 2011). They even conducted event meetings as well as conference to ensure good communication. When the complete team will be managed and coordinated by the members, of the team, they will be given with feedback in the team (Damm 2011). The project will be segregated in the members and its baseline supported in project completion (Damm 2011). Project Communication and Stakeholder Management Project Communication Stakeholder Data Method Timing Members Project team members Internal meetings through phone call/email and web meetings Three times in a week Consumers Audience and children Email, social media or through verbal communication 2 times in a week Performers Dance Academy, DJ, and singers Non-verbal communication Weekly Staff and volunteers Volunteers of team Verbal communication and email 1-2 times in a week Sponsors Message, Yoga, healthcare expert Reports, meetings, and emails weekly Stakeholder Management In the fundraising event, the stakeholders will be identified, and their power, influence and interest will be explored. In stakeholder register, stakeholders will be categorized and then analyzed (Allen 2010). Key Category of stakeholders Power between 1-5 Interest between 1-5 A Client 1 5 B Governance 5 5 C Provider 2 3 D Influencer 3 4 Matrix of stakeholders Stakeholder Concern Quadrant Strategy Governance Ensure that project is properly managed and proper execution of event Main players Communicate specifications of project Client Require to understand the event schedule Less efforts Communicate schedule of event Provider Ensure timely delivery as per procurement plan Informed Frequent updates and plan development for alternative supply Influencer Might hold variant opinion on event programming Satisfied Communicate about updates of projects Risk Management Plan Before starting the event, it is important to formulate an informed assessment of all the expected risks as well as opportunities related to the event (Holman, Devane and Cady 2007). By conducting careful analysis, it can become easier to explore the potential threats that could pose the risk involved in the event (Holman, Devane and Cady 2007). It is expected from NGO that they should include various services, in their event such as venue managers, emergency services and officer for risk assessment (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore, Yow and Bowden 2013). The meeting of risk assessment should be organized and attended by main stakeholders that should ensure that all the possible risk, as well as opportunities, are explored and properly managed (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore, Yow and Bowden 2013). This could be well documented in the risk management plan that permits in reducing the risk and all the opportunities running in the event (Winston, Stevens, Loudon, Migliore, Yow and Bowden 2013). Risk Response Cause Category Decoration There are chances that event decoration doesnt get finish on time Props availability Risk of organizing the event Audience Count There are chances that audiences doesnt come Required marketing not done External risk Performers There are chances that DJ or other artist dont come Busy season of holidays Risk of organizing Sponsors There can be chance that promises are made to honor the vouchers Business uncertainty External risk/project management risk Evaluation and Control of your Project The project will be monitored and evaluated as per the project development lifecycle. Its the responsibility of project manager to check, whether all the set requirements of the project are fulfilled or not (Bladen, Kennell, Abson and Wilde 2012). The project manager will try to monitor the performance of every team members, to analyze that the entire allocated task are completed within the set budget (Bladen, Kennell, Abson and Wilde 2012). The project manager will also ensure that stakeholders are satisfied, and their suggestions are included in the completion of the project (Tum, Norton and Wright 2006). After the project plan is completed, the project manager will be responsible for marketing the plan, so that people could be made aware of the event as well as the cause of the event (Wrenn and Mansfield 2014). The marketing of the event will be done through various sources like newspapers, television, and social media or through magazines so that more and more people could be att racted towards the event and more funds could be raised by NGO (Sharma 2005). Marketing is the important way to attract more people and generating more profitability for imparting the service (The Staff of Entrepreneur Media 2015). Once the project activities are completed, it is important that alternative plan should be prepared in case some unexpected issues might occur (Getz 2005). References Allen, J. 2009. Event Planning: The Ultimate Guide To Successful Meetings, Corporate Events, Fundraising Galas, Conferences, Conventions, Incentives and Other Special Events. John Wiley Sons Allen, J. 2009. Time Management for Event Planners: Expert Techniques and Time-Saving Tips for Organizing Your Workload, Prioritizing Your Day, and Taking Control of Your Schedule. John Wiley Sons Allen, J. 2010. The Business of Event Planning: Behind-the-Scenes Secrets of Successful Special Events. John Wiley Sons Bladen, C., Kennell, J., Abson, E., and Wilde, N. 2012. Events Management: An Introduction. Routledge Bladen, C., Kennell, J., Abson, E., and Wilde, N. 2012. Events Management: An Introduction. Routledge Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I., and O'Toole, W. 2012. Events Management. Routledge Capell, L. 2013. Event Management For Dummies. John Wiley Sons Carter, L. 2013. Event Planning 2nd Edition. AuthorHouse Damm, S. 2011. Event Management: How to Apply Best Practices to Small-Scale Events. Diplomica Verlag Damster, G., and Tassiopoulos, D. 2005. Event Management: A Professional and Developmental Approach. Juta and Company Ltd Dowson, R., and Bassett, D. 2015. Event Planning and Management: A Practical Handbook for PR and Events Professionals. Kogan Page Publishers Getz, D. 2005. Event Management and Event Tourism. Cognizant Communication Corporation Holman, P., Devane, T., and Cady, S. 2007. The Change Handbook: The Definitive Resource on Today's Best Methods for Engaging Whole Systems. Berrett-Koehler Publishers O'Toole, W., and Mikolaitis, P. 2002. Corporate Event Project Management. Wiley Richardson, G. L. 2014. Project Management Theory and Practice, Second Edition. CRC Press Sharma, D. 2005. Event Planning and Management. Deep and Deep Publications Stevens, R. E., Loudon, D. L., and Wrenn, B. 2006. Marketing Planning Guide. Psychology Press The Staff of Entrepreneur Media. 2015. Event Planning Business: Step-by-Step Startup Guide StartUp Guides. Entrepreneur Press Tum, J., Norton, P., and Wright, J. N. 2006. Management of Event Operations. Routledge Van, L., and Wagen, D. 2010. Event Management. Pearson Higher Education AU Winston, W., Stevens, R. E., Loudon, D. L., Migliore, R. H., and Williamson, S. G. 2013. Strategic Planning for Not-for-Profit Organizations. Routledge Winston, W., Stevens, R. E., Loudon, D. L., Migliore, R. H., Yow, D. A., and Bowden, W. W. 2013. Strategic Planning for Collegiate Athletics. Routledge Wolf, P., Wolf, J., and Levine, D. 2005. Event Planning Made Easy. McGraw Hill Professional Wrenn, B., and Mansfield, P. M. 2014. Marketing Planning Guide, Third Edition. Routledge

Personal Connection to Characters free essay sample

We had food, a home, and clothes. Did poor people have homes, food to eat, and clothes on their back? Troy continued to explain how Mom and Dad were still paying for the house in Michigan as well as the one in Oakwood. â€Å"But we don’t live there anymore. Why do we still pay for it? † I asked, still very confused and becoming more concerned by the second. Troy told me he didn’t know. It took my family 18 months to sell our house in Michigan and it has impacted us financially ever since. That was a speed bump we weren’t expecting. Financial issues aren’t the only things that can be unexpected and difficult. There are emotional speed bumps too. When my family moved back to Ohio I felt like my world was collapsing in on me. I was 3 years old when we moved to Michigan, so everything that I really knew and remembered was in Michigan. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Connection to Characters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My house, my friends, school, parks†¦ everything. I was seven years old when I was told that everything that I knew was going to change in less than a month. That’s a big change for someone of that age. My first few days at Smith Elementary were rough. I didn’t know anyone and I didn’t know my surroundings. After a year of being at Oakwood I was familiar with the school and town. But I still felt out of place. I made friends but I didn’t make any strong connections with anyone. As the years went on I moved from group to group. Once Junior High started I was lonely. I had tried the cliques, gotten in trouble because of them; and I was still alone. That year was full of nights with tears. When my brother left for college at the end of my 7th grade year I was devastated. He was my best friend. How was I suppose to last without him? Well truth be told, I didn’t. My grades began slipping; I went from being a straight A student to B’s and C’s. Along with that I began lying frequently and getting in trouble. I was lost and confused. Being 13, I was tried of being miserable and disappointing everyone around me. 8th grade year was a big improvement. And things have continued to get better and better as time goes on. Until that time though, I understood, and I still understand, the hardships of life. Even though learning all the valuable lessons I learned were difficult, I’m grateful that I experienced what I did. My past has made me who I am and allows to have a better understanding of the world. Tess had difficult life experiences as well that helped her grow as a person. Everyone must endure some hardships in order to truly understand and enjoy the joy of life.

Gladstonian Liberalism essays

Gladstonian Liberalism essays Gladstone was a complex man whose liberal principles clashed with the strong Anglican conservative influences of his early life; in addition there was, as always, the need to maintain public support for his government, and the views of other MPs in his party. As a result the decisions he took during his first ministry were not always as principled as his stern conscience would advocate. But nonetheless, he was a man of great integrity who was more preoccupied with doing the right thing than with staying in power, and the reforms he undertook during his first ministry were in general wise and fair. Gladstone was a committed and educated Anglican who had in his youth seriously considered joining the clergy. His one dilemma throughout his life was that the established Church in Britain was not as perfect an institution as the Christian principles it preached. The deeply moral Gladstone, therefore - though he may well not have consciously realised this - was torn between rationa l support for Christian principles, with all their liberal and even Leftist ideals, and the instinctive Right-wing protection of the privileges of the community and of the Church in which he had been brought up. He began his political career firmly in the ranks of the reactionary, wealthy Anglican Right; by the end of his life he would have forsaken this completely in favour of the image of the "People's William", with a semi-mystical belief that he and the good working classes were fighting against "the deterioration of the Governing Classes in comparison with the poor." At the time of his first ministry, however, he was on his way from the Right to the Left, and still very much confused: his regular sessions of self-flagellation are an indication of this. Much of his legislation during this period was an attempt to reconcile the inner dichotomy between his heart - his pining to be accepted as a member of the aristocracy - and his mind.His mind t...

Money Makes the World Go Around

Money Makes the World Go Around Read why some professions are more valuable than others. What Is Too Much? We live in a world where entertainers and athletes earn more money in a year than teachers and social workers make in a lifetime – so the everyday, middle-class person has to wonder: Why is this so? Are these people simply more valuable than me? You’re not going to like this – but, yes, they are more valuable than you, economically speaking; celebrities are quite valuable to the marketplace. In a capitalistic society, athletes and entertainers are walking billboards for a brand, product, enterprise or service – and these stars are subsequently rewarded with copious amounts of money for this exchange. It’s been this way for a long, long time. Professional athletes make up a good percentage of these celebrities. And they do not make too much money if they are doing it legally. They have earned it. How to Save Money in College? But first, let’s consider who decides what constitutes â€Å"too much money.† Let’s look at the kind of money professional athletes make in a year. In Forbes’ list of the highest-paid athletes in the world, the top earner in 2015 was boxer Floyd Mayweather: He made $300 million, $285 million from his winnings. In that list at number 10, NBA star Kobe Bryant made $49.5 million – $23.5 million from his contract, and $26 million in endorsements alone. These are extraordinary amounts of money, enough for a single person to never have to work again in their life. And if it’s the struggling everyday people of the middle and lower classes deciding whether these numbers illustrated â€Å"too much money,† they would likely advocate the burning of these money-sucking pigs. In America, the median salary is about $50,000, according to a 2016 article published on Foxbusiness.com titled, â€Å"Average Salaries for Americans: Median Salaries for Common Jobs.† But if they tried to put themselves in the shoes of the celebrities – well, in the wallets of these celebrities – they would find themselves reaping the rewards and basking in the sunshine of extravagant wealth. And they’d probably want more of it, realizing it meant a life free from common worries, problems, and generally negative experiences. So, once again, professional athletes could never make â€Å"too much† money. Their banks accounts are filled with hard-earned money. Everybody Is Paid According to His Talents Professional athletes earn their money because they possess an otherworldly talent and work ethic. They say talent is nothing without the effort to hone it. Well, these athletes making several million dollars a year were not only born with God-given talent or skill for a certain movement or sport – they took that talent to become one of the best in the world at their sport. That takes amazing character and self-discipline – like the patience and dedication to climbing over a massive wall each and every day for years, knowing for sure that success is just around the corner. Black Economy the Father of the Poverty Take basketball legend Michael Jordan, a late bloomer: He grew six or more inches the summer after his sophomore year in high school, that year not making the varsity team. He then worked on his craft and bettered himself. He eventually became a star in high school and college, and then was drafted into the NBA – and the rest is history. He was the best player in the league for years, making the top salary too, before retiring and investing his money. He is now a billionaire. Income Is Balanced by Tax Professional athletes, both actively playing and retired, deserve all of their money because they are highly taxed – just like a large corporation. Now the tax system may be imperfect – because there is certainly some inequality in how much money people of different tax brackets are taxed – but we can generally see that a person is taxed more with the more money they make. Each year some of these athletes still are taxed hundred of thousands of dollars, if not millions. So anyone would want to make more money if they were taxed each large amounts of money. It’s best to conclude this argument by asking the reader, to be honest here. There is never too much money to be made unless of course, it comes through evil, violent tactics. Then it’s not deserved. But professional athletes deserve every penny they earn, even if it’s disgusting, whether through competing in their sport, getting paid through endorsement deals, or by merely showing up to things and attracting people. They do no make too much. What they make is, well, just right.

Atrial Fibrillation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Atrial Fibrillation - Article Example Possible causes that give rise to AF include comorbidities like hypertension, coronary ischemia, heart failure and obstructive sleep apnoea. The characteristic features of electrical remodelling are alterations in atrial refractoriness, atrial conduction and sinus node function. This happens very quickly and is considered possible to reverse. Loss of contractility results from the contractile remodelling that happens in AF and like electrical remodelling happens very quickly. Reduction in the release of systolic calcium ions is believed to contribute to this change. Myolysis or the loss of sarcomeres is also a likely candidate for this change. The consequences of contractile remodelling are thrombus formation and atrial dilation. Advance of AF may be caused by contractile remodelling through the coexistence of multiple wavelets. Reversing contractility changes takes longer than in the case of reversing electrical remodelling changes possible because of the time involved in the replacement of lost sarcomeres. Persistent AF has been associated with the structural changes within the atria. Many of these changes are consider ed to be irreversible. Evidence from animal studies suggests that these changes occur more slowly than the changes that occur from electrical and contractile remodelling and primarily reflect dedifferentiation. The striking changes seen in animal models are increased cell size, myolysis, and the collection of glycogen around the nucleus of the cell. From the limited data from humans there is indication that degenerative changes may occur (Cohen & Naccarelli, 2008). Management of AF is a three pronged strategy. The first is of the prongs is anticoagulation. Use of anticoagulation is guided by the CHAD scoring system set forth by the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of cardiology. When the AF patient has any one of these

U.S vs. Nevada Constitutioons Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

U.S vs. Nevada Constitutioons - Term Paper Example This study would not only establish a comparison between Nevada and United States’ legislation but even conduct a proper analysis on legislative elements of Nevada. The major aim of any constitution is to exercise limit as well as allocate power to governmental authority. Limited government is another term used for constitutionalism. Recent advancements associated with constitutional system of Nevada shall also be incorporated in this particular study. American constitution is responsible for dividing power amongst various governmental components. The constitutional structure of Nevada comprises of major state government offices, a linkage between these offices, procedure for developing regulation and law, regulation of activities occurring across national borders, state representation to other nation and states, and departments focused on state citizen’s welfare. Nevada constitution is basically larger compared to federal constitution. Word count can be considered as most effective way to compare length of two constitutions. Constitutions are now available online and hence page count is highly dependent on font size, margins, font type, printer choice, etc. United States or Federal constitution has a word count of 7500, whereas, amendments, histories or notes comprised within Nevada Constitution accounts for 56,716 words. Length of the later constitution can be easily altered since amendment in it is easier. Federal consti tution has been amended only 27 times. On the other hand, constitutions which are drafted in later time period are much lengthier compared to others. Word count has been opted for as an ideal measure since page count changes at a rapid rate. Length of any constitutional system proclaims a significant meaning. Nevadan judges due to long constitution are not able to have broad discretion, which is deliberately exercised by federal judges due to short

Role of Teacher Essay Example for Free

Role of Teacher Essay Introduction Quality of education is a relative and dynamic term varying from contexts to contexts and time to time. In a changing world driven by technological advancements, quality defined yesterday may not be valid today or tomorrow. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the concept and define and redefine quality of education with the passage of time. Quality of education is desirable even in countries where all the children are enrolled in schools for basic education because education has to allow all students to enhance their potentials in cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains. Most of the policy makers overlook qualitative aspects of education instead they focus on quantitative aspects of it. Links between qualitative aspects of education and society are strong and so is important teacher’s role in bridging the two in a way that students can play effective role in society. 2. Quality education includes but not limited to: healthy learners; healthy environment; healthy content; healthy process; and healthy outcome. Since access to education has been a major problem in SAARC Region, quality of education provided is also emerging as a major challenge. High dropout rates in most of the member states also neutralise the effect of growing enrolment in primary education. Several policy initiatives have been taken in this regard but in the absence of well developed school-based process there is a considerable distance to go before achieving quality education for all. Additionally, different segments of societies undergo different educational experiences causing social stratification which is an unhealthy sign for the communities in the region. 3. Improving quality of education has always been emphasized alongside education for all at national, regional and international forums such as the World. Education Forum in Dakar held in 2000. Similarly various articles of the Convention of the Right of the Child highlight the right of everyone not only to get education but education of high quality. All the declarations by the international communities and goals set by United Nations regarding education also emphasize quality of education provided to the masses which can only be achieved through effective teaching and learning process, regularity and punctuality of students and their long stay in schools. 2 4. Teachers play crucial role in imparting quality of education. They are the role models and have greater impacts on the personality development of students. Education is a unique activity and the relationship between teachers and students can not be undermined for achieving quality of education. All that needed is to bring about educational reforms to allow well educated teachers to improve and develop their work in the classroom. 5. Teacher quality mostly determines quality of education in an educational setting. Some of the teacher quality dimensions include: 1) Command on the subject matter; 2) Pedagogical skills; 3) Reflective attitude and critical thinking ability; 4) Professional commitment and dedication; 5) Administrative skills; 6) Effective communication skills; 7) Greater flexibility; and 8) Respect for pluralism and diversity. The purpose is not to confuse teachers with so many roles and responsibilities but to make them aware of the prerequisites which they need to effectively accomplish this moral activity. 6. Knowledge of what has been in the field of quality education worldwide and regionally will provide a useful background for policy makers, midlevel functionaries and ultimately the teachers to improve the educational standards in the region. Providing only access to educational facility without quality will not suffice the need to get productive citizens and capable human capital. Quality has to be an integral part of the whole educational process. The workshop titled â€Å"Improving the Quality of  Education: Role of Teachers in Achieving Quality in Education in South Asia†, being organized in Bangladesh by the SAARC Human Resource Development Centre (SHRDC) Islamabad, will give an opportunity to the participants to share their experiences and knowledge with the experts of the field to improve their understanding of teacher’s role in achieving quality of education. The workshop will assess the best practices in the achievement of quality education within the region and globally that will have implications for future educational initiatives in South Asia. Objectives of the Workshop 7. The main objective of the workshop is to explore the current situation of quality of education with respect to teacher’s role and develop strategies to improve quality of education in future. More specifically participants will: i. ii. iii. Discuss country specific information and statistics during country report presentations; Discus the best practices on providing quality of education regionally and worldwide; identify the areas where teachers can play effective roles in promoting quality education in the region; SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan 3 iv. v. vi. Analyze the effectiveness of teacher education programmes in the region; Evaluate the progress made by member states in achieving quality of education; and Suggest modalities for teachers, policymakers and other stakeholders to achieve quality of education in SAARC Member States. In this regard the workshop specifically seeks to answer the following questions in a SAARC countries’ educational scenario: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What are the policies in place to improve quality of education and what type of policies would be required to respond to the combined challenge of expanded access and quality improvement of education? What new skills are demanded of teachers to better perform their duties towards improving quality of education? What roles school administrators can play in preparing teachers to cope with the challenge of quality of education? How can the training of teachers be improved? Why is the teaching profession not attracting the best candidates and what could be done in this regard? Approach 8. The workshop will be interactive and participatory in discussing concepts and sharing of ideas. Experts from SAARC Member States will make presentations on various aspects while discussion will take the agenda forward. The environment thus created will be participant friendly in all respects. There will be a number of facilitators explaining themes, highlighting the connections, theories and practices related to quality of education and role of teachers in it. Groups may prepare their reports and present their findings before the participants. The SHRDC will prepare the workshop report later on. Methodology 9. To achieve the workshop objectives, a number of methodologies will be used including lectures and demonstrations, peer work and group work. Resource Persons will arrange activities according to the nature and requirement of their respective themes to make the topics comprehensive and interesting for the participants. After each presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session in which participants will ask questions and/or give their inputs in relation to the topic under discussion. Emphasis will also be given to the group work in which participants are expected to come up with SAARC specific suggestions and recommendations about teacher’s role in achieving quality of education in the region. SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan 4 Expected Outcome of the workshop 10. It is expected that participants will develop replicable template models of teacher training and suggest modalities for achieving quality of education in the SAARC member states. Suggesting such models of teacher preparation for achieving quality of education would be the most desirable outcome. As a group of professionals they are expected to come up with particular suggestions and recommendations on the theme. Participants 11. About 28 participants (3 participants each from Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and 7 from Bangladesh) are expected to attend the workshop. Participants’ profiles include the following: a) Mid-level policymakers/functionaries, trainers/professionals, teachers from government, semi-government organizations and NGOs working in the field of Education specially those who are working at the grass root levels; b) Researchers and scholars; and  c) Civil society, NGOs, Donor and Private Sector Representatives. Logistic Support: 12. Free boarding and lodging will be provided to the participants/Resource Persons. Moreover, pick drop service will also be provided. Date and Duration 13. The workshop is of three days duration w. e. f. December 26-28, 2011. Venue of the Workshop 14. Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, RD. 2, House 113/A, Niketon, Gulshan 1, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Contact Persons Mr. Rehmat Wali Khan (Focal Person), Education Officer SHRDC, Islamabad Ph: +92-51-9255387, Cell: +92-344-2312524 E-mail: [emailprotected] com SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan 5 Dr. Erum Mariam (Focal Point in Bangladesh), Director, Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, RD. 2, House 113/A, Niketon, Gulshan 1, Dhaka Ph: 880 2 9881265 Ext. 2212 Email: erum. [emailprotected] net Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director SHRDC, Islamabad Ph: +92-51-9255159, Fax: +92-51-9255160 SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan.

Modern Music :: essays research papers

Music has been around for thousands and thousands of years. The caveman had originally started some type of sounds in which branched off into the music that we listen to today. This prehistoric music was started by the cavemen in order for them to express themselves, and the others who listened were affected in the same way that people are affected by music today. For example, if someone is upset they will listen to something that will get them into a better mood, perhaps something mellow or soft. If they are happy, they will listen to something that is more energetic, and so on. After I interviewed four people--friends and family--I found out what type of music they listened to when they are upset, angry, or calm. Music touches people’s souls, and gets the best or worst out of them. My friend Kyle said, â€Å"When I am in a bad mood I listen to basically rap because it gets me hyped up to where I want to dance. Rap lets me get into a better mood where I can forget the problem or what I was mad at before.† He continues, â€Å"No other music affects me as much as rap does because rappers put everything they have into their songs, but that is only my opinion.† Kyle has listened to rap since he was 13, and he actually got me interested into it. I never liked rap until I started to hang out with him, and I am now starting to enjoy it because of its’ diversity that is involved in making the music. Each rapper has their own version of the world, and they express it through their music. -2- Not all rap music is good according to a Texas widow, who filed a lawsuit against Tupac Shakur. Her husband, a Texas state trooper, was allegedly shot to death by a man who stole a car. In the man’s car a Tupac tape was found in the cassette player, and Tupac’s music was allegedly to blame (Damean). Some people tend to take music too seriously, and end up making mistakes, and they have to suffer the consequences like that Texas man. Those people, who take the music too seriously, are not stable, and the music brings out the worst of them. On the other hand, people like Kyle have no problem with some of the lyrics that some rappers incorporate into their music, and end living happily with society.

Producing a compact disc called ‘Music 2 revise by’

I have decided to produce a compact disc called ‘Music 2 revise by', a poster and leaflet promoting the product for my media studies practical production. I will be working solo on this product. I am going to produce a CD, which will contain music that hopefully helps people revise. I have decided to do this because of personal preference to revise whilst listening to music, a large majority of people have also told me they revise better whilst listening to music and because of a current gap in the market for my CD. A lot of considerations need to be taken into account including the following: layout and design (both of the CD itself and the adverts) use of language as this is major when marketing and promoting the product to a specific audience and media technologies. I will also need to look at media audiences, representation and the values and ideology. These will make it clear who the product is going to be aimed at and how the values of the product imply the representations offered. I will think of various ideas for the CD and adverts and finally construct one finished idea for the CD and two separate ideas for the posters that will be aimed at varied target audiences. It is vital to obtain the correct target audience, as the audience should see clearly that the CD is aimed at them. To obtain a clear idea of the target audience I will carry out research. The research will include a survey of: whether people like listening to music whilst revising, what music people would like to revise to and the age of the interviewed. I will also try to carry the research out on other similar CD's and of varied people. The CD will obviously be aimed at people who revise. I'm going to find the specific target audience from my research I'll carry out, collect and analyse. Once I have found the target audience I can plan where to advertise it. The target gender does not matter as both male and female revise. The realistic possible age of the audience will be school pupils or college students. Therefore magazines such as more and bliss will be perfect for female school students and for female college student's magazines such as vogue and. The male college students are likely to read FHM and Front. These are fashion and lifestyle genre magazines and possibly even football magazines such as 442. The male school student targeted magazines will be very difficult to distinguish. This is because there does not seem to be any specific magazines for the age group of fourteen to sixteen at first look. I will carry out more research into what male school students that age read and include it as a question in my survey. The CD and adverts will need to be top quality to gain maximum exposure and will be advertised in many contrasting formats as possible although remaining realistic by placing it in appropriate media texts viewed by people who are likely to be interested in the CD. The initial design for CD will be a very colourful and flowing looking CD. It may even have connotations with a lava lamp, which is thought to be in fashion and used for calming and relaxation. This is because most people find revising tedious and boring so the colourful design and flowing looking CD may unconsciously denote to the audience that revising will flow along and actually be more enjoyable. The music will be in a certain genre that consists of relaxed and chilled out music in order to calm and relax the listener. The equipment I will be using is a PC equipped with ‘Adobe Photoshop' to design and produce my products. The Posters and CD will be printed out on a laser printer and very good paper that is most appropriate for the task. This will be important as the consumer always expects and wants good quality. The potential problems I may face are time restrictions, availability of equipment, collecting and analysing the research and also carrying it out over a varied age groups and the music chosen, is what consumers assume to be popular at this moment in time, might soon not be. To overcome these potential problems I will take action to make sure they do not affect my work. I will carefully plan what I will do stage-by-stage to overcome any possibility of the product not being finished in time. I will also make sure the equipment is readily available in abundance so the action plan I will make will not be disrupted. The research that is going to be carried out will be taken precisely and analysed carefully to be sure there are no data anomalies.

Racial Profiling Essay

A person should not be judged due to their appearance. Today skin color makes you a suspect in America. It makes you more likely to be stopped, more likely to be searched, and more likely to be arrested and imprisoned. When police officers stop or charge a person based on their race; that’s racial profiling. Racial profiling has been occurring around the nation for years. Statistics show that if a Caucasian man and an African American man are both driving a nice car and speeding at the same time; the police officer is most likely to stop the African-American man. Not only is racial profiling wrong, but is disrespectful to minorities, and should be illegal throughout America. Racial profiling should be illegal because it causes discomfort and humiliation to many minority citizens, lack of unity in the American people, and the possibility of real criminals getting away because he is not a minority thus becoming a threat to society. Racial profiling causes a huge discomfort and humiliation to many minority citizens. New Jersey officials admitted to racial profiling on April 20, 1999. The report showed that racial profiling practices in New Jersey are not just an insight. The report recognized the targeting of African American and Latino drivers to troopers who abused their positions by ignoring the rights of minorities. Police officers don’t understand how degrading and humiliating this can be. Yes racial profiling can be used by countries to fight crimes thus giving security to its citizens, but it also causes a discomfort to minorities. Additionally, the more police continue to arrest citizens based on their race, cultural background, and religion the more we lack unity in America. When police officers offend minorities by racial profiling, it makes the country divide even more. You would think that after the civil rights movement people would become as one; however, racial profiling only makes it worse. How can we unite as a country if we can not look past the surface? Racial profiling is a great divider among the people in America; if America can not look past its differences this problem will worsen, and then America, the land of the great, will fall. Don’t ask what the police can do to make the situation better-but what can we do to help the police make the  situation better! The Possibility of real criminals getting away is becoming a threat to society because police are overlooking the fact that he or she is not a minority. If a detective is given a description that does not include the ethnicity of the suspect, they automatically search for a suspect that has the ethical background of the African American, or Hispanic decent. This happens because African-Americans and Hispanics are known for causing the most crimes, which is why we need to stop the racial profiling. With that being said, this inevitably disregards all the possible suspects who are not of the minority decent. Even though racial profiling is used by police to narrow down their search for the possible suspects, minority citizens become more intensified with the fact that they are the ones being targeted and accused for such crimes that they did not commit. To conclude, racial profiling is a conflict all around America. We as citizens in America need to our best to stop racial profiling; I reiterate we need to try our best to stop racial profiling! I heard this quote once â€Å"United we stand, but divided we fall.† This quote should urge you to want to put an end to racial profiling. Racial profiling is something that may never stop in America. It is wrong and unjust. Still, it is something worth fighting for, for the many who suffer because of the problem and for this country in general. Everyone has different opinions on Racial Profiling, some people say there are benefits or others have negative impacts on racial profiling.

Remote Sensing - Overview, Types and Applications

Remote Sensing - Overview, Types and Applications Remote sensing is the examination or the gathering of information about a place from a distance. Such examination can occur with devices (e.g. - cameras) based on the ground, and/or sensors or cameras based on ships, aircraft, satellites, or other spacecraft. Today, the data obtained is usually stored and manipulated using computers. The most common software used in remote sensing is ERDAS Imagine, ESRI, MapInfo, and ERMapper. A Brief History of Remote Sensing Modern remote sensing began in 1858 when Gaspard-Felix Tournachon first took aerial photographs of Paris from a hot air balloon. Remote sensing continued to grow from there; one of the first planned uses of remote sensing occurred during the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹U.S. Civil War when messenger pigeons, kites, and unmanned balloons were flown over enemy territory with cameras attached to them. The first governmental-organized air photography missions were developed for military surveillance during World Wars I and II but reached a climax during the Cold War. Today, small remote sensors or cameras are used by law enforcement and the military in both manned and unmanned platforms to gain information about an area. Todays remote sensing imaging also includes infra-red, conventional air photos, and Doppler radar. In addition to these tools, satellites were developed during the late 20th century and are still used today to gain information on a global scale and even information about other planets in the solar system. For example, the Magellan probe is a satellite that has used remote sensing technologies to create topographic maps of Venus. Types of Remote Sensing Data The types of remote sensing data vary but each plays a significant role in the ability to analyze an area from some distance away. The first way to gather remote sensing data is through radar. Its most important uses are for air traffic control and the detection of storms or other potential disasters. In addition, Doppler radar is a common type of radar used in detecting meteorological data but is also used by law enforcement to monitor traffic and driving speeds. Other types of radar are also used to create digital models of elevation. Another type of remote sensing data comes from lasers. These are often used in conjunction with radar altimeters on satellites to measure things like wind speeds and their direction and the direction of ocean currents. These altimeters are also useful in seafloor mapping in that they are capable of measuring bulges of water caused by gravity and the varied seafloor topography. These varied ocean heights can then be measured and analyzed to create seafloor maps. Also common in remote sensing is LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging. This is most famously used for weapons ranging but can also be used to measure chemicals in the atmosphere and heights of objects on the ground. Other types of remote sensing data include stereographic pairs created from multiple air photos (often used to view features in 3-D and/or make topographic maps), radiometers and photometers which collect emitted radiation common in infra-red photos, and air photo data obtained by earth-viewing satellites such as those found in the Landsat program. Applications of Remote Sensing As with its varied types of data, the specific applications of remote sensing are diverse as well. However, remote sensing is mainly conducted for image processing and interpretation. Image processing allows things like air photos and satellite images to be manipulated so they fit various project uses and/or to create maps. By using image interpretation in remote sensing an area can be studied without being physically present there. The processing and interpretation of remote sensing images also have specific uses within various fields of study. In geology, for instance, remote sensing can be applied to analyze and map large, remote areas. Remote sensing interpretation also makes it easy for geologists in this case to identify an areas rock types, geomorphology, and changes from natural events such as a flood or landslide. Remote sensing is also helpful in studying vegetation types. Interpretation of remote sensing images allows physical and biogeographers, ecologists, those studying agriculture, and foresters to easily detect what vegetation is present in certain areas, its growth potential, and sometimes what conditions are conducive to its being there. Additionally, those studying urban and other land use applications are also concerned with remote sensing because it allows them to easily pick out which land uses are present in an area. This can then be used as data in city planning applications and the study of species habitat, for example. Finally, remote sensing plays a significant role in GIS. Its images are used as the input data for the raster-based digital elevation models (abbreviated as DEMs) - a common type of data used in GIS. The air photos taken during remote sensing applications are also used during GIS digitizing to create polygons, which are later put into shapefiles to create maps. Because of its varied applications and ability to allow users to collect, interpret, and manipulate data over large often not easily accessible and sometimes dangerous areas, remote sensing has become a useful tool for all geographers, regardless of their concentration.

Building A Fence Around August English Literature Essay

Building A Fence Around August English Literature Essay Family life of the 1950’s was different from any other time in America’s history. Many soldiers returned home from war and married young, in hopes to create simpler lives for their families. For so many, this was the white American Dream. For African Americans, this dream was much harder to attain. For Troy Maxson, the tragic hero in August Wilson’s Fences, this was no exception. In her essay, â€Å"Baseball as History and Myth in August Wilson’s Fences† Susan Koprince notes that for Troy, â€Å"the American dreamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦turned into a prolonged nightmare† (1104). Racism, segregation, and poverty ran amuck and many blacks found it difficult to find success in this white man’s world. However, at the heart of all of Wilson’s classic and timeless works, are what he refers to as â€Å"the Big Themes†, â€Å"love, honor, duty, [and] betrayal† (Miles, 1096). These universal themes are integral and allow readers to understand the plight that black families in the fifties had to endure, in order to get by. Troy Maxson, above all else, takes to heart his duties as a sole provider for his family. However, Troy often finds himself torn between a desire for more personal liberties in his own life and a sense of commitment to care for his family. These duties to his family are not without fault. Although Troy is a wonderful financial provider for the family, he still feels he does not need to show affection to any of his children. This rings particularly true for his youngest son, Cory. While they work to erect a fence around their yard, Cory asks his father, â€Å"‘How come you ain’t never liked me?'† Troy, furious at this inquiry, tells Cory, â€Å"‘it’s my duty to take care of you. I owe a responsibility to youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Not cause I like you! Cause you my son'† (Wilson, 1049-50). As breadwinner for the family, Troy necessitates himself to deliver food and shelter, but he makes it clear to Cory, as sole provider, that is all he is required to give. Furthermore, Troy’s remarks show readers just how defeated he is of the never-ending task of caring for his family. Troy, however, is not the only member of the household that has an obligation to the family. After Troy confesses to Rose about his affair and the child that Alberta is carrying, Rose chides, â€Å"‘I gave everything I had to try and erase the doubt that you wasn’t the finest man in the world†¦Cause you was my husband'† (1067). These remarks allow readers to grasp the role Rose undertakes as Troy’s loving and faithful wife. Harry J. Elam Jr. notes in his essay, â€Å"August Wilson† that, â€Å"Troy’s adulteryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ propels Rose, to reassess her situation, to gain a greater self-awareness, to change (1102). Rose is a powerful representative of steadfast loyalty; she remains committed to Troy and her duties to hi m, despite his unfaithfulness to her. Even as she undertakes the role of caring for Troy’s lovechild, Rose evokes a powerful sense of sympathy from readers. Despite the infidelity, Rose decides to stay with Troy for the sake of the family. This act additionally solidifies her duty as a wife and mother. In the argument with Rose, following his confession, Troy exclaims that he has spent his whole life trying to live a â€Å"‘decent†¦cleanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦hardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦useful life'† (Wilson, 1066). This remark illustrates how Troy has always been the provider of the home they shared for many years, even though the affair may have only recently started. It appears to readers that through this comment, Troy justifies his own reasons for the infidelity. In his essay â€Å"Fiery Fences,† Clive Barnes remarks how Troy eventually â€Å"sees himself as a man fenced in with responsibilities† (1085). Ironically, the fence Troy erects around his home, i mprisons him from achieving the independence he so desperately craves.